The association between post traumatic amnesia and visual photosensitivity in mild traumatic brain injury

Authors

  • Matuli Das Department of Ophthalmology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Patia Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
  • Narendra Kumar Das Department of Neurosurgery, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Patia Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20195234

Keywords:

Mild traumatic brain injury, Post traumatic amnesia, Prognosis, Social and professional distress, Visual photosensitivity

Abstract

Background: Visual symptoms are a common occurrence following mTBI. Among visual symptoms, Visual photosensitivity is a frequent manifestation post mTBI, which can disrupt the normal lifestyle of any individual resulting in social and professional distress. Post traumatic amnesia is one of the markers of severity in mTBI. Authors have studied the association between visual photosensitivity and post traumatic amnesia following mTBI. The aim of this study is to find out the association between Visual Photosensitivity and post traumatic amnesia in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.

Methods: Hospital based prospective, analytical, observational study. A total of 300 patients with the diagnosis of mTBI were studied. Diagnosis of mTBI was based on the WHO Operational criteria for clinical identification of mTBI.VLSQ-8 Questionnaire was used in this study to diagnose and monitor the progress of visual photosensitivity in patients with mTBI. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) was applied to assess post traumatic amnesia. The study period was from July 2017 to March 2019. Each patient with mTBI who developed visual photosensitivity was followed up for 1 year after the appearance of their symptoms.

Results: Thus the main observations of this study were (i) There is a strong possibility of developing visual photosensitivity among the group of patients who presented with the history of post traumatic amnesia following mild traumatic brain injury (p=0.0008)(ii) if a patient with mild traumatic brain injury suffers from visual photosensitivity, possibility of his/her symptoms persisting beyond 6 months increases significantly if there is history of post traumatic amnesia (p=0.0001).

Conclusions: This result will help in providing information regarding prognosis of visual photosensitivity following mild traumatic brain injury.

References

Hyder AA, Wunderlich CA, Puvanachandra P, Gururaj G, Kobusingye OC. The impact of traumatic brain injuries: a global perspective. Neuro Rehabil. 2007;22(5):341-53.

Bazarian JJ, Mcclung J, Shah MN, Ting Cheng Y, Flesher W, Kraus J. Mild traumatic brain injury in the United States, 1998–2000. Brain INJ. 2005;19(2):85-91.

Belanger HG, Vanderploeg RD. The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: a meta-analysis. J Intern Neuropsychol Soc. 2005;11(4):345-57.

De Guise E, Lepage JF, Tinawi S, LeBlanc J, Dagher J, Lamoureux J, Feyz M. Comprehensive clinical picture of patients with complicated vs uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury. The Clinic Neuropsychol. 2010;24(7):1113-30.

Levin HS, Mattis S, Ruff RM, Eisenberg HM, Marshall LF, Tabaddor K, High WM, Frankowski RF. Neurobehavioral outcome following minor head injury: a three-center study. J Neurosurg. 1987;66(2):234-43.

McMahon PJ, Hricik A, Yue JK, Puccio AM, Inoue T, Lingsma HF, Beers SR, Gordon WA, Valadka AB, Manley GT, Okonkwo and the TRACK-TBI investigators including DO. Symptomatology and functional outcome in mild traumatic brain injury: results from the prospective TRACK-TBI study. J neurotrauma. 2014;31(1):26-33.

Suter PS. Rehabilitation and management of visual dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. In Traumatic brain injury; 2016:323-370.

Capó-Aponte JE, Urosevich TG, Temme LA, Tarbett AK, Sanghera NK. Visual dysfunctions and symptoms during the subacute stage of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury. Milita Med. 2012;177(7):804-13.

Kapoor N, Ciuffreda KJ. Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury. Current Treatment Options Neurol. 2002;4(4):271-80.

Verriotto JD, Gonzalez A, Aguilar MC, Parel JM, Feuer WJ, Smith AR, Lam BL. New methods for quantification of visual photosensitivity threshold and symptoms. Translat Vis Sci Technol. 2017;6(4):18.

Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N, Rutner D, Suchoff IB, Han ME, Craig S. Occurrence of oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a retrospective analysis. Optometry-J Am Optometr Associat. 2007;78(4):155-61.

Silver JM, Yudofsky SC, Hales RE. Neuropsychiatry of traumatic brain injury. Am Psychiatric Association; 1994:81-132.

Smits M, Hunink MM, Nederkoorn PJ, Dekker HM, Vos PE, Kool DR et al. A history of loss of consciousness or post-traumatic amnesia in minor head injury: “conditio sine qua non” or one of the risk factors? J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2007;78(12):1359-64.

Wade DT, Crawford S, Wenden FJ, King NS, Moss NE. Does routine follow up after head injury help? A randomised controlled trial. J Neurol, Neurosurg and Psychiatr. 1997;62(5):478-84.

Levin HS, O'Donnell VM, Grossman RG. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. J Nervous Mental Dis. 1979;167(11):675-84.

Truong JQ, Ciuffreda KJ, Han ME, Suchoff IB. Photosensitivity in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): a retrospective analysis. Brain INJ. 2014;28(10):1283-7.

Craig SB, Kapoor N, Ciuffreda KJ, Suchoff IB, Han ME, and Rutner D. Profile of selected aspects of visually-symptomatic individuals with acquired brain injury: a retrospective study. J Behav Optomet 2008;19(1):7-10.

Downloads

Published

2019-11-25

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles