Risk factors of Toxoplasma encephalitis among people living with HIV/AIDS at Wangaya hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia: a case control study

Authors

  • Hamong Suharsono Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty of Udayana, University in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
  • Ketut Suryana Department of Medicine, Merpati Clinic, Wangaya HIV Study Group (WHSG), Allergy and Clinical Immunology Services Unit at Wangaya, Bali, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-1705
  • Mochamad P. Pujasakti Ministry of Research and Technology/National Agency of Research and Innovation, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20204511

Keywords:

People living with HIV/AIDS, Toxoplasma encephalitis, Associated risk factors

Abstract

Background: Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is the most frequent AIDS-related opportunistic infection. T. gondii infects the human population in both developed and developing countries. Toxoplasmosis among PLWHA manifests primarily as a life-threatening condition, TE, brain abscesses and death. Objective was to identify the risk factors of Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).  

Methods: A case control study was conducted during May to November 2018. The study participants consisted of 90 PLWHA; 30 PLWHA with history of TE (cases) and 60 PLWHA without history of TE (controls). Data such as: socio-demographic, laboratory results, head CT scan findings were collected from the medical record and was analyzed using SPSS version 18.

Results: A total of 90 participants PLWHA were enrolled, 30 participants as cases and 60 participants as a control. 49 (54.4%) participants were males and 41 (45.6%) participants were females. Among the risk factors evaluated; the lower lymphocyte level (p=0.016), the lower cluster differentiation (CD) 4 level (p=0.003), no taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (p=0.000) were observed to be an independent associated risk factor of TE.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest lower lymphocyte levels, lower CD4 count and no taking HAART may constitute a significant associated risk factor for TE in PLWHA.

Author Biographies

Hamong Suharsono, Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty of Udayana, University in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty of Udayana University in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Ketut Suryana, Department of Medicine, Merpati Clinic, Wangaya HIV Study Group (WHSG), Allergy and Clinical Immunology Services Unit at Wangaya, Bali, Indonesia

Department of Internal Medicine, Merpati Clinic; Wangaya HIV Study Group (WHSG), Allergy and Clinical Immunology Services Unit at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Mochamad P. Pujasakti, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Agency of Research and Innovation, Indonesia

Ministry of Research and Technology/National Agency of Research and Innovation

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Published

2020-10-21

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Original Research Articles