Translation of revised WHO international league against rheumatism community oriented program for the control of rheumatic diseases core English questionnaire into Bengali and its cross-cultural adaptation and validation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20210076Keywords:
WHO-ILAR-COPCORD core English questionnaire, Rheumatic diseases, WHO, ILARAbstract
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International League Against Rheumatism (ILAR) initiated the Community-Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) project in 1981. The aim of this study was to translate the revised WHO-ILAR COPCORD questionnaire into Bengali and to test if the Bengali version could be reliably used for the identifying rheumatic diseases in Bangladeshi people.
Methods: This was an observational study conducted in rheumatology wing, department of medicine, BSMMU from April to October, 2011. It was implemented in two stages: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaire and testing of questionnaire. For translation into Bengali and cross-cultural adaptation, the recommendation by Beaton’s procedure was followed. Respondents were enrolled from rheumatology outpatient departments of medicine, BSMMU, household members and healthy patient’s attendants. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS windows v16.
Results: Thirty subjects completed the preliminary version of the questionnaire. Fifteen males (50%) and fifteen (50%) females were interviewed. Mean age of the respondents were 31.97±10.15 with age range 16-55 years. Test-retest reliability of the Bengali version of the questionnaire was tested by interviewing 70 subjects. To evaluate agreement between two measurement qualitative questions were analyzed using kappa test and quantitative question were tested by spearman’s correlation. Most of the questions (88.2%) showed high or good agreement (kappa agreement >0.6) and one (5.88%) question showed moderate agreement (0.4-0.6). In case of quantitative questions responses in test and re-test were found to have 50% good correlation and remainder poor correlation in Spearman’s correlation.
Conclusions: Pretest and reliability has shown the questionnaire clear in wording and culturally appropriate. Process of translation and adaptation using Beaton’s procedure was user friendly, comprehensive and appears an essential method for translation of the questionnaire.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Factors associated with prevalent self-reported arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996;45:487-91.
Badley EM, Wang PP. Arthritis and the aging population: projections of arthritis prevalence in Canada 1991 to 2031. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:138-44.
Badley EM, Rasooly I, Webster GK. Relative importance of musculoskeletal diseases as a cause of chronic health problems, disability, and health care utilization: findings from the 1990 Ontario Health Survey. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:505-14.
Muirden KD. The developing relationship between the World Health Organization and International League Against Rheumatism. J Rheumatol. 1991;18:793-5.
Dans LF, Tankeh-Torres S, Amanta CM, Penserga EG. The prevalence of rheumatic disease in a Filipino urban population: A WHO-ILAR COPCORD study. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:1814-9.
Darmawan J, Valkenburg HA, Muirden KD, Wigley RD. Epidemiology of rheumatic disease in rural and urban populations in Indonesia: AWorld Health Organization International League Against Rheumatism COPCORD study, stage 1, phase 2. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992;51:525-8.
Chou CT, Pei L, Chang DM, Lee CF, Schumacher HR, Liang NH. Prevalence of rheumatic disease in Taiwan: A population study of urban, suburban, rural differences. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:302-6.
Chaiamnuay P, Darmawan J, Muirden KD, Assawatanabodee P. Epidemiology of rheumatic disease in rural Thailand: a WHOILAR COPCORD study. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:1382-7.
Lee P, Helewa A, Smythe HA, Bombardier C, Goldsmith CH. Epidemiology of musculoskeletal diseases and related disability in Canada. J Rheumatol. 1985;12:1169-73.
Wigley R, Zhang NZ, Zeng QY, Shi CS, Hu DW, Couchman K et al. Rheumatic diseases in China: ILAR-China study comparing the prevalence of rheumatic symptoms in northern and southern rural populations. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:1484-90.
Farooqi A, Gibson T. Prevalence of major rheumatic diseases in the adult population of north Pakistan. Br J Rheumatol. 1998;37:491-5.
Bennett K, Cardiel MH, Ferraz MB, Riedemann P, Goldsmith CH, Tugwell P. Community screening for rheumatic disorders: cross cultural adaptation and screening characteristics of the COPCORD Core Questionnaire in Brazil, Chile and Mexico. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:160-8.
Haq SA, John D. Prevalence of rheumatic diseases and associated outcomes in rural and urban communities in Bangladesh: A COPCORD study J Rheumatol. 2005;32:348-53.
Chopra A, Patil J, Billampelly V, Relwani J, Tandale HS. The Bhigwan (India) COPCORD: methodology and first information report. APLAR J Rheumatol. 1997;1:145-54.
Al-Awadhi A, Olusi S, Moussa M, Al-Zaid N, Shehab D, Al-Herz A, Al-Jarallah K. Validation of the Arabic Version of the WHO-ILAR COPCORD Core Questionnaire for Community Screening of Rheumatic Diseases in Kuwaitis. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(8):1754-9.
Ferraz MB. Community orients program for the control of rheumatic diseases COPCORD project in Brazil and Latin America. Sao Paulo Med J. 1995;113(2):2.
Peláez-Ballestas I, Granados Y, Silvestre A, Álvarez-NemegyeiJ, Valls E, Quintana R et al. Culture-sensitive adaptation and validation of the community-oriented program for the control of rheumatic diseases methodology for rheumatic disease in Latin American indigenous populations. Rheumatol Int. 2014;34:1299-309.
Guevara-Pacheco S, Feican-Alvarado A, Sanin LH, Vintimilla-Ugalde J, Vintimilla-Moscoso F, Delgado-Pauta J et al. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and rheumatic diseases in Cuenca, Ecuador: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study. Rheumatol Int. 2016;36:1195-204.
