Normative data of thyroid volume-ultrasonographic evaluation in clinically asymptomatic Nigerian adults at Benue state university teaching hospital, Makurdi

Chia D. Msuega; Aondoaseer A. Ugande; Kator P. Iorpagher; Ochekawo I. Obekpa; Abdullahi A. Abdullahi

doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212398

Authors

Chia D. Msuega Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Aondoaseer A. Ugande Department of Radiology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
Kator P. Iorpagher Department of Radiology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
Ochekawo I. Obekpa Department of Radiology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
Abdullahi A. Abdullahi Department of Radiology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212398

Keywords:

Asymptomatic, Normative data, Nigerian adults, Thyroid gland volume, Ultrasonography

Abstract

Background: Thyroid gland volume is highly variable among communities. Current study was aimed to determine the local normative data on thyroid volume, assessed by ultrasonography in asymptomatic Nigerian adults.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary hospital between February 2020 to February 2021, which included 500 clinically asymptomatic adults in Makurdi, North-Central Nigeria. Age specific reference values for thyroid volume were obtained. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on other variables that could influence thyroid gland volume. The data obtained, including that from blood tests of thyroid function was collated and analysed using SPSS 23, with p=0.05.

Results: The mean total thyroid gland volume for both lobes in the entire population of the study was 6.91±2.41 cm³. The mean thyroid volume for both lobes in males 7.09±2.60 cm³was higher than that of females 6.73±2.38 cm³. The mean right and left lobe volumes were 3.56±1.14 cm³ and 3.35±1.10 cm³respectively. The right lobe volume was significantly greater than the left lobe (p=0.000). There was a consistent steady increase in thyroid gland volume with increasing age for the general, male and female population until at least the 5^th or 6^th decade. The total thyroid gland volume significantly correlated with the individual’s body parameters. Highest correlation was found with height (r=0.256, p<0.05)).

Conclusions: Ultrasonography was valuable in the determination of thyroid gland volume and normal values were different in various communities.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Thyroid. Available at: https://www.bing.com/search? q=thyroid+gland+wikipedia&cvid=288fef6ea1b9429892386ca0da006480&aqs=edge.0.0.14771j0j4&FORM=ANAB01&PC=U531. Accessed on 02 April 2021.

Kim EB, Susan MB, Heddwen LB, Jason Y. Formation and secretion of thyroid hormones In: Ganong`s review of medical physiology. 26th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill; 2019:830-6.

Salaam AJ, Danjem SM , Salaam AA, Angba HA, Ibinaiye PO. Determination of Relationship between Thyroid Gland Volume and Anthropometric Indices. J Adv Med Med Res. 2019;31(3):1-12.

Mahrukh K, Nuzhat H, Mohammad A, Farah A, Farheen R, Nosheen A, et al. Correlation of thyroid gland volume with age and gender in a Subset of Karachi Population. Pak J Med Dent. 2014;3(2):26-32.

Silvia T, Juan J L, Jose-Luis S, Celia MP Milagros V, Mae C, et al. Thyroid volume and its relation to anthropometric measures in a healthy Cuban Population. Eur Thyroid J. 2015;4:55-61.

Dareen AA, Lilianne HH, Zaynab A. Anthropometric parameters and thyroid morphology in a sample of overweight and obese Syrian women. Eur Med J. 2019;4(2):93-9.

Vejbjerg P, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Carle´A, Laurberg P, Pedersen IB, et al. Effect of a mandatory iodization program on thyroid gland volume based on individuals’ age, gender, and preceding severity of dietary iodine deficiency: a prospective, population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(4): 1397-401.

Babatunde AS, Olatunde O, Henry OE, Patrick AA. Spectrum and prevalence of thyroid diseases seen at a tertiary health facility in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2016;23(3):137-40.

Anthonia OO, Sonny FK. Epidemiology of thyroid diseases in Africa. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 15(2):82-8.

Ogbera AO, Fasanmade O, Adediran O. Pattern of thyroid disorders in the Southwestern Region Of Nigeria. Ethn Dis. 2007;17: 327-30.

Omer A, Elif KA, İhsan A, Serap T, Abdullah B. Normative data of thyroid volume-ultrasonographic evaluation of 422 subjects aged 0-55 years. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2015;7(2):98-101

Kayastha P, Paudel S, Shrestha DM, Ghimire RK, Pradhan S. Study of thyroid volume by ultrasonography in clinically euthyroid patients. J Inst Med. 2010;32(2):36-43.

Vikas C, Shahina B. Thyroid ultrasound. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(2):219-27.

Servet Ş, İsmet T. Determination of thyroid volume and its relation with isthmus thickness. Eur J Gen Med. 2010;7(2):125-9.

Chinwe RO. Ultrasound evaluation of thyroid gland abnormalities at the University of Portharcourt teaching hospital."Niger J Health Sci. 2017;17(4): 174-83.

Tahir A, Ahidjo A, Yusuph H. Ultrasonic assessment of thyroid gland size in Maiduguri, Nigeria. West Afr J Ultrasound. 2002;3:26-31.

Ahidjo A, Tahir A, Tukur M. Ultrasound determination of thyroid gland volume among adult Nigerians. Int J Radiol. 2005;4(2):1-4.

Nurcan E, Niyazi A, Nihal A, Inanç G, Gökmen Z. Which method is gold standard for determination of thyroid volume?. Int J Morphol. 2017;35(2):452-8.

Mohamed Y, Abdelmoneim S, Bushra A, Alsafi A, Khaled E. Local reference ranges of thyroid volume in sudanese normal subjects using ultrasound. J Thyroid Res. 2011; 935141:1-4.

Edwin NO, Martin CU, Ekene EC, Innocent NO, Enyuche E, Obiageli O. Prevalence and pattern of thyroid disorders among patients attending university of Nigeria teaching hospital, Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria. Niger Med J. 2019;60(2):62-7.

Salaam AJ, Danjem SM, Salaam AA, Angba HA, Ibinaiye PO. Determination of normal thyroid gland volume on ultrasound in normal adults in Jos, north central Nigeria. J Adv Med. 2019;31(3):1-12.

Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43781/9789241595827_eng.pdf. Accessed on 20 March 2021.

Ertan Ş, Umut E, Ebuzer K. Regional reference values of thyroid gland volume in Turkish Adults. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2015;143(3-4):141-5.

Gordana I, Berislav R, Franjo k, Boris B, Ladislav P. Ultrasonographic measurement of the thyroid volume. Coll Antropol. 2004;1:287-91.

Reza NM, Ahmad Mohammad AA. Influence of physiological factors on thyroid size determined by ultrasound. Acta Med Iran. 2011;49((5):302-4.

Laszlo H, Hans P, Lars RP, Jesper RA, Irger H, Peter S, et al. The determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound and its relationship to body weight, age, and sex in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983;56(2):260-3.

Adibi A, Mehri S, Ashraf A, Ehsan R, Mohsen M, Zahra F, et al. Normal values of thyroid gland in Isfahan, an iodine replete area. J Res Med Sci. 2008; 13(2):55-60.

Xu F, Sullivan K, Houston R, Zhao J, Ma1 W, Maberly G. Thyroid volumes in US and Bangladeshi schoolchildren: comparison with European schoolchildren. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;140:498-504.

Ying M, Yung DMC. Asymmetry of thyroid lobe volume in normal Chinese subjects: Association with handedness and position with esophagus. Anat Rec. 2009;292:169-74.

Suwaid MA, Tabari AM, Isyaku K, Idris SK, Saleh MK, Abdulkadir AY. Sonographic measurement of normal thyroid gland volume in school children in kano, Nigeria. West Afr Journal of Ultrasound. 2007; 8(1):14-22.

Yildirim M, Dane S, Bedri S, Morphological asymmetry in thyroid lobes, and sex and handedness differences in healthy young subjects. Intern J Neurosci. 2006;116:1173-9.