Study of clinical profile of chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic patients

Authors

  • Ravi Kumar U. Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Shashank J. Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Narayana Swamy Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212809

Keywords:

Non-diabetic patients, Chronic kidney disease, Diabetic nephropathy

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) encompasses a spectrum of different pathophysiological processes associated with abnormal kidney function and a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate. Cardiovascular disease is one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients at every stage of CKD. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension together being major cause for CKD. Hypertension is a common cause for CKD and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study mainly focused on the causes of CKD other than diabetes mellitus. An early detection and appropriate intervention of these patients will possibly help prevent progression of renal disease.

Methods:We assessed 55 non diabetic CKD patients who presented to the OPD/IPD in Victoria hospital, Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital and other hospitals affiliated to Bangalore medical college and research institute during period June 2018 to December 2019. A detailed history and clinical examination was performed and patients were subjected to necessary investigations.

Results: The commonest etiology for CKD was found to be hypertensive nephropathy followed by glomerulonephritis. Common symptoms were generalized weakness, lower limb swelling. Commonest signs are pallor, pedal edema and hypertension.

Conclusions:CKD is a major health problem. Diabetic nephropathy is the commonest cause for CKD followed by hypertensive nephropathy and glomerulonephritis. Anaemia, pedal oedema, oliguria and generalised weakness were the major presenting clinical signs and symptoms in CKD. This condition when detected in early stages and managed can slow down the progression of CKDs and delay the need of renal replacement therapy. 

 

References

National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:1-266.

Kurokawa K, Nangaku M, Saito A, Inagi R, Miyata T. Current issues and future perspectives of chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13(1):3-6.

Gomez GB, Lusignan SD, Gallagher H. Chronic kidney disease: a new priority for primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2006;56(533):908-10.

Coresh J, Astor BC, Greene T, Eknoyan G, Levey AS. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: third national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(1):1-12.

Ma KW, Green EL, Raij L. Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic renal failure and hemodialysis populations. Am J Kidney Dis. 1992;19(6):505-13.

Lusignan SD, Chan T, Stevens P, O'Donoghue D, Hague N, Dzregah B, et al. Identifying patients with chronic kidney disease from general practice computer records. Fam Pract. 2005;22(3):234-41.

Kher V. End stage renal disease in developing countries. Kidney Int. 2002;62(1):350-62.

Drey N, Roderick P, Mullee M, Rogerson M. A population-based study of the incidence and outcomes of diagnosed chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(4):677-84.

Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O'Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS, et al. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):0158765.

Francisco ALM, Cruz JJDL, Cases A, Figuera MDL, Egocheaga MI, Gorriz JI, et al. Prevalence of kidney insufficiency in primary care population in Spain: EROCAP study. Nefrologia. 2007;27(3):300-12.

Sakhuja V, Jha V, Bhosh AK. Chronic kidney disease in India. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1994;9(7):871-2.

Abdel-Kader K, Unruh ML, Weisbord SD. Symptom burden, depression, and quality of life in chronic and end-stage kidney disease. CJASN. 2009;4(6):1057-64.

Caplin B, Kumar S, Davenport A. Patients' perspective of haemodialysis-associated symptoms, Nephrol Dialy Transplant. 2011;26(8):2656-63.

Garg AX, Blake PG, Clark WF, Clase CM, Haynes RB, Moist LM. Association between renal insufficiency and malnutrition in older adults: results from the NHANES III. Kid Int. 2001;60(5):1867-74.

Babitt JL, Lin HY. Mechanisms of anemia in CKD. JASN. 2012;23(10):1631-4.

US Renal Data System, USRDS 2010 Annual Data Report: Atlas of ChronicKidney Disease and End Stage Renal Disease in the United States, National Institute of Health of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethsada, Md, USA, 2010. Accessed on 8 June 2021.

Downloads

Published

2021-07-23

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles