Serum calcium levels in newly detected essential hypertensive patients

Authors

  • Arumugam Aashish Department of Cardiology, Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-6379
  • Jayasingh Kannaiyan Department of General Medicine, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20213709

Keywords:

Essential hypertension, Calcium, Corrected calcium

Abstract

Background: Systemic hypertension is global disease responsible for significant mortality and morbidity. Essential or primary hypertension accounts for the majority of people with hypertension. Although our understanding of the pathophysiology of essential hypertension has grown a lot, its aetiology still remains hypothetical. Few studies in literature have found some correlation with serum calcium levels and blood pressure of the individuals.

Methods: A total 200 patients, 100 newly diagnosed essential hypertensive and 100 normotensive patients were included in the study. A detailed history and clinical profile was taken. Blood sample was collected and serum calcium, serum albumin were determined and corrected calcium was calculated and the results were tabulated and appropriate statistical analysis was done.

Results: The mean total serum calcium and corrected calcium levels were significantly lowered in essential hypertensive compared to the normotensive individuals. There was no correlation between total serum and corrected calcium levels against systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There was also no difference in serum total and corrected calcium levels among different subsets in essential hypertensive group.

Conclusion: Essential hypertension still remains the most common form of hypertension present worldwide causing significant mortality and morbidity. Despite increased advances in medicine and large number of studies done in context with the cause of essential hypertension, its aetiology still remains hypothetical. Even though studies have shown some correlation of calcium fractions with hypertension, the aetiology is still unclear.

References

A global brief on hypertension World Health Day. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/ item/a-global-brief-on-hypertension-silent-killer-global-public-health-crisis-world-health-day-2013. Accessed on 20 January 2021.

Ronald GV, Norman MK. Systemic hypertension: mechanisms and diagnosis ; braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 8th ed. Netherlands: Elsevier; 1027-46.

Touyz RM, Milne FJ. Alterations in intracellular cations and cell membrane ATPase activity in patients with malignant hypertension. J Hypertens. 1995;13(8):867-74.

Touyz RM, Milne FJ, Seftel HC, Reinach SG. Magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium status in normotensive and hypertensive Johannesburg residents. SouthA fr Med J Suid-Afr Tydskr Vir Geneeskd. 1987;72(6):377-81.

Sudhakar K, Sujatha M, Babu SR, Padmavathi P, Reddy PP. Serum calcium levels in patients with essential hypertension and their first degree relatives. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2004;19(1):21-3.

Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans. Am Heart Circul. 2005; 111(5):697-716.

Laragh JH. Lewis K. Dahl Memorial Lecture. The renin system and four lines fo hypertension research. Nephron heterogeneity, the calcium connection, the proreninvasodilator limb, and plasma renin and heart attack. Hypertension. 1992; 20(3):267-79.

Erne P, Bolli P, Bürgisser E, Bühler FR. Correlation of platelet calcium with blood pressure. Effect of antihypertensive therapy. N Engl J Med. 1984; 310(17):1084-8.

Folsom AR, Smith CL, Prineas RJ, Grimm RH. Serum calcium fractions in essential hypertensive and matched normotensive subjects. Hypertension. 1986;8(1):11-5.

Strazzullo P, Nunziata V, Cirillo M, Giannattasio R, Ferrara LA, Mattioli PL, et al. Abnormalities of calcium metabolism in essential hypertension. Clin Sci Lond Engl 1979. 1983;65(2):137-41.

Fu Y, Wang S, Lu Z, Li H, Li S. Erythrocyte and plasma Ca2+, Mg2+ and cell membrane adenosine triphosphatase activity in patients with essential hypertension. Chin Med J (Engl). 1998;111(2):147-9.

McCarron DA. Low serum concentrations of ionized calcium in patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1982;307(4):226-8.

Harlan WR, Hull AL, Schmouder RL, Landis JR, Thompson FE, Larkin FA. Blood pressure and nutrition in adults. Am J Epidemiol. 1984; 120(1):17-28.

Jorde R, Sundsfjord J, Fitzgerald P, Bønaa KH. Serum calcium and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases: the Tromsø study. Hypertension. 1999; 34(3):484-90.

Kesteloot H, Joossens JV. Relationship of dietary sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium with blood pressure. Hypertension. 1988;12(6):594-9.

Staessen J, Sartor F, Roels H, Bulpitt CJ, Claeys F, Ducoffre G, et al. The association between blood pressure, calcium and other divalent cations: a population study. J Hum Hypertens. 1991;5(6):485-94.

Kesteloot H, Geboers J. Calcium and blood pressure. Lancet. 1982;1(8276):813-5.

Phillips AN, Shaper AG. Serum calcium and blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens. 1991;5(6):479-84.

Morris CD, Reusser ME. Calcium intake and blood pressure: epidemiology revisited. Semin Nephrol. 1995;15(6):490-5.

Brot C, Jorgensen NR, Sorensen OH. The influence of smoking on vitamin D status and calcium metabolism. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;53(12):920-6.

Jorde R, Sundsfjord J, Bønaa KH. Determinants of serum calcium in men and women. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(12):1117-23.

David B EndresPh D, Robert K Rude MD. Mineral and Bone metabolism; Tietz Textbook of clinical chemistry. Netherlands: Elsevier; 3rd ed. 1395-05.

Engel H, Bac DJ, Brouwer R, Blijenberg BG, Lindemans J. Diagnostic analysis of total protein, albumin, white cell count and differential in ascitic fluid. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem J. 1995;33(4):239-42.

Downloads

Published

2021-09-22

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles