Diabetic retinopathy prevention and treatment options
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20231884Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, Retinopathy, Hb1AC, Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, Panretinal photocoagulation, PreventionAbstract
The objective of this review article was to mention the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy to occur. Also, mention and compare the best ways to prevent this complication. Adding also a comparison of the best currently available treatments for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is the first cause of visual impairment in working-age adults worldwide. Duration of diabetes is a major risk factor associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. Due to the large number of patients with type 2 diabetes, this group comprises a larger proportion of the disease burden in patients with visual impairment from diabetic retinopathy compared to patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness in patients aged 20-74 years. Approximately 80% of the patients with type 1 diabetes will develop retinopathy after 15 years after the onset of the pathology. In the case of type 2 diabetes will develop retinopathy after 30 years of history with the disease. Some important factor that can accelerate the process is the use or not of insulin for treatment. The most important for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy is the prevention of the diabetes in healthy people that have the risk factor to develop this pathology. The best options of treatment continued to be the combination of anti-VEFG/panphotocoagulation depending the stage of the complication. Improvement of the early detection of this type of microvascular complication for give them an early treatment and improve the evolution in positive way. We believed that is need to investigate more techniques for early detections of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, like imagen or biomarkers.
References
Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, Fawzi A, Lim JI, Vemulakonda GA, et al. Diabetic Retinopathy Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(1):66-145.
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(1):19-40.
US Preventive Services Task Force; Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, Cabana M, Caughey AB, et al. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021;326(8):736-43.
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(1):203-15.
Song KH, Jeong JS, Kim MK, Kwon HS, Baek KH, Ko SH, et al. Discordance in risk factors for the progression of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10(3):745-52.
Servat O, Hernández C, Simó R. Diabetic Retinopathy in the Context of Patients with Diabetes. Ophthalmic Res. 2019;62(4):211-7.
Vujosevic S, Simó R. Local and Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers of Diabetic Retinopathy: An Integrative Approach. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(6):68-75.
Gross JG, Glassman AR, Liu D, Sun JK, Antoszyk AN, Baker CW, et alk. Five-Year Outcomes of Panretinal Photocoagulation vs Intravitreous Ranibizumab for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;136(10):1138-48.
Sun JK, Glassman AR, Beaulieu WT, Stockdale CR, Bressler NM, Flaxel C, et al. Rationale and Application of the Protocol S Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Algorithm for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(1):87-95.
Everett LA, Paulus YM. Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema. Curr Diab Rep. 2021;21(9):35.
Cortez-Trejo B, Paz-Sosa M, Montiel-Jarquín Á, Vargas-Huerta M, García-Galicia A, Bertado-Ramírez N. Dolor posterior a panfotocoagulación retiniana: impulso de 50 milisegundos frente a impulso convencional / Pain after panretinal photocoagulation: 50-millisecond pulse versus conventional pulse. Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. 2023;61(3):295-9.
Sha W, Wen S, Chen L, Xu B, Lei T, Zhou L. The Role of SGLT2 Inhibitor on the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2020:8867875.
Ugando VL, Díaz MD, González MR, Ortega SD, González ME, Conde HM. Fotocoagulación con láser en pacientes con edema macular y retinopatía diabética. Publicación Trimestral de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Ciego de Ávila. 2023;26(4):1672.
