Socio-demographic profile of prostatic diseases in symptomatic patients: a prospective cross-sectional study
Keywords:
Prostatic diseases, Per rectal examination, Ca prostate, Transrectal ultrasonography, Benign prostatic hyperplasiaAbstract
Background: Prostatic diseases can be expected to affect most men at some time during their life. They are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older men. Digital rectal examination & serum PSA levels are used for screening of prostatic cancer, while Transrectal ultrasound and MRI are used for diagnosis of different prostatic conditions, to know the extent of carcinoma and to guide prostatic biopsy.
Methods: This prospective study was carried out during the period from September 2011 to September 2014. Data for this study was collected from the patients attending Department of Radio-diagnosis, Hospital attached to the Navodaya Medical College, Raichur.
Results: A total of 50 male patients in the age group of 31-90 years with symptoms related to prostatic diseases like prostatism and infertility due to obstruction were included in our study. Highest incidence of prostatic diseases was found in seventh decade (61-70years) followed by eighth decade. Most common clinical presentation was difficulty in micturition followed by increased frequency of micturition and infertility was the least common presentation. Clinically suspected cases of Ca prostate with or without retention of urine were referred in majority. In BPH, predominant echopattern seen was hypoechoic lesions followed by hyper echoic lesion. In patients with carcinoma prostate, predominant echopattern seen was also hypoechoic lesion (70.00%) followed by hyperechoic and mixed lesions.
Conclusions: Prostatic diseases can be easily evaluated using per-rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography in symptomatic patients to know the nature of the disease and its prognosis.
References
Patel U. The prostate and seminal vesicles. In: Allan P, Baxter G, Weston M, eds. Clinical ultrasound. 3rd edn. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill-Livingstone; 2011:572-92.
Patel U, Rickards D. Handbook of Transrectal ultrasound and biopsy of the prostate. London, UK: Martin Dunitz; 2002.
Resnick MI, Willard JW, Boyce WH. Transrectal ultrasonography in the evaluation of patients with prostatic carcinoma. J Urology.1980;124(4):482-4.
Fritzsche PJ, Axford PD, Ching VC, Rosenquist RW, Moore RJ. Correlation of transrectal sonographic findings in patients with suspected and unsuspected prostatic disease. J Urology.1983;130(2):272-4.
Watanabe H, Igari D, Tanahasi Y, Harada K, Saito M. Development and application of new equipment for transrectal ultrasonography. J Clin Ultrasound. 1974;2(2):91-8.
Resnick MI, Willard JW, Boyce WH. Ultrasonic evaluation of prostatic nodule. J Urology. 1978;12(1):86-9.
Lee F, Littrup PJ, McLeary RD, Kumusaka GH, Borlaza GS, McHugh TA. Needle aspiration and core biopsy of prostate cancer: comparative evaluation with biplanar transrectal US guidance. Radiology.1987;163(2):515-20.
Hodge KK, McNeal JE, Stamey TA. Ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the palpably abnormal prostate. J Urol 1989;142(1): 66-70.
Griffiths GJ, Clements R, Jones DR, Roberts EE, Peeling WB, Evans KT et al . The ultrasound appearances of prostatic cancer with histological correlation. Clin Radiol. 1987;38(3):219-27.
Terris MK, McNeal JE, Stamey TA. Detection of clinically significant prostate cancer by transrectal ultrasound guided systematic biopsies. J Urol. 1992;148(3):829-32.
Abu-Yousef MM. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: tissue characterization using suprapubic ultrasound. Radiology.1985;156(1):169-73.
Rifkin MD, Friedland GW, Shortliffe L.Prostatic evaluation by transrectal endosonography; detection of carcinoma. Radiology. 1986;158(1):85-90.
Lee F, Gray JM, McLeary RD, Lee F Jr, McHugh TA, Solomon MH et al . Prostatic evaluation by transrectal sonography: criteria for diagnosis of early carcinoma. Radiology. 1986;158(1):91-5.
Dahnert WF, Hamper UM, Eggleston JC, Walsh PC, Sanders RC. Prostatic evaluation by transrectal sonography with histopathological correlation; the echopenic appearance of early carcinoma. Radiology. 1986;158(1):97-102.
Burks DD, Drolshagen LF, Fleischer AC, Liddell HT, McDougal WS, Karl EM et al. Transrectal sonography of benign and malignant prostatic lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;146(6):1187-91.
Shinohara K, Wheeler TM, Scardino PT. The appearance of prostate cancer on transrectal ultrasonography: correlation of imaging and pathological examination. J Urol. 1989;142(1):76-82.
Hamper UM, Sheth S, Walsh PC, Holtz PM, Epstein JI. Capsular transgression of prostatic carcinoma evaluation with transrectal US with pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1991;178(3):791-5.
