A study on risk factors, clinical profile and outcome of patients with acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital

Ram Prasad; Kothai Gnanamoorthy; Hariprasad

doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20263722

Authors

Ram Prasad ESIC Medical College and Hospital, K. K. Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Kothai Gnanamoorthy ESIC Medical College and Hospital, K. K. Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Hariprasad Indra Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20263722

Keywords:

Acute kidney injury, Sepsis, Hypotension, Chronic kidney disease, RIFLE criteria

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI), is a prevalent and serious condition in the intensive care unit (ICU) that significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate the risk factors, clinical profile, and outcomes of patients with AKI admitted to the intensive care unit.

Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in patients with AKI admitted to the ICU of the ESI Medical College, Chennai. After obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, data from patients with AKI, demographic profiles, laboratory parameters and outcomes were collected and analysed using appropriate statistical methods.

Results: Sepsis is the main cause of acute renal damage (69%) and is common in critically ill patients aged > 50 years. The results showed that the development of AKI is complicated and multifaceted, with important contributions from hypotension (27%), fever (17%), oliguria (16%), and concomitant diseases such as diabetes (43%) and hypertension (20%). Patients in the RIFLE criteria's "Failure" group (71%) had the most severe renal impairment and higher rates of both progression to CKD and death.

Conclusions: Sepsis was the most prevalent risk factor in the study. The outcomes of AKI did not show a significant correlation with age and sex, suggesting that other factors are more influential in determining the prognosis. Overall, these results emphasise the multifaceted nature of AKI and the importance of a holistic approach for its management.

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