Spectrum of congenital malformations in newborns: in a medical college hospital in South India
Keywords:
Congenital malformations, New-born, Still bornAbstract
Background: The study was carried out with the aim to determine the overall rate of congenital malformations, incidence in live births and stillbirths, as well as incidence affecting various organ systems, at a medical college hospital in Karnataka and compare them to previous studies
Methods: All intramural deliveries between June 2012 and March 2014 were included in the study. All the new-borns were examined for congenital malformations soon after birth and every day during routine ward rounds. Relevant radiological, histo-hematological and genetic tests were carried out.
Results: During the study period there were 3016 births out of which 2941 were live births and 75 were still born. 93 babies had one or more malformations. The overall incidence of malformations was 3.083%. Incidence of malformations among live births was 2.72% whereas it was 17.33% among still born babies. Musculoskeletal malformations accounted for 27.5% of all the malformations. This was followed by cutaneous 19.16%, genitourinary 15.83%, gastrointestinal 12.5%, neurological 10% and cardiac 5.83%.
Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of stillbirths and infant mortality. Musculoskeletal malformations were the commonest system involved. Still born babies had a significantly higher incidence of malformations and also had a higher incidence of multiple malformations.
Metrics
References
Sadler TW. Congenital malformations. In: Sadler TW, eds. Langman’s Medical Embryology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000: 95.
Hudgins L, Cassidy SB. Congenital anomalies. In: Martin RJ, Fanroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby-Elsivier; 2006: 561-581.
Grover N. Congenital malformations in Shimla. Indian J Pediatr. 2000:67;249-51.
Park K. Congenital malformations. In Park K, eds. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 15th ed. Jabalpur, India: M/S Banarsidas Bhanot; 2005: 379-380.
CDC and EUROCAT. Monitoring birth defect, 2012. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/bd/- monitoring. htm EUROCAT, European Network of Congenital Anomaly Registers.
Kumar MR, Bhat BV, Oumachigui A. Perinatal mortality trends in a referral hospital. Indian J Pediatr. 1996;63:357-61.
Chaturvedi P, Banerjee KS. Spectrum of congenital malformations in the new-borns from rural Maharashtra. Indian J Pediatr. 1989;56:501-7.
Petrini J, Damus K, Russell R, Poschman K, Davidoff MJ, Mattison D. Contribution of birth defects to infant mortality in the United States. Teratology. 2002;66(Suppl 1):3-6.
Kalter H, Warkany J. Medical progress. Congenital malformations: etiologic factors and their role in prevention. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:424-33.
Nelson K, Holmes LB. Malformations due to presumed spontaneous mutations in new-born infants. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:19-23.
Jensen TK. Children’s health and environmental: a review of evidence. In: Jensen TK, eds. A Joint Report from the European Environment Agency and the WHO Regional Office for Europe. Europe: Official Publications of the European Communities; 2002: 116-26.
Gustavson K, Jorulf H. Recurrence risks in a consecutive series of congenitally malformed children dying in the perinatal period. Clin Genet. 1976;9:307-14.
Khoshnood B, De Vigan C, Vodovar V, Goujard J, Lhomme A, Bonnet D, et al. Trends in prenatal diagnosis, pregnancy termination, and perinatal mortality of newborns with congenital heart disease in France, 1983-2000: a population-based evaluation. Pediatrics. 2005;115(1):95-101.
Stoll BJ. Congenital anomalies. In: Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, Behrman RE, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2008: 711-713.
Singh A, Gupta RK. Pattern of congenital anomalies in new-borns: a hospital based prospective study. J K Sci. 2009;1:34-6.
Golalipour MJ, Ahmadpour-Kacho M, Vakili MA. Congenital malformations at a referral hospital in Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 2005;11:707-15.
Desai NA. Congenital anomalies: a prospective study at a teaching hospital. Indian J Pediatr. 1999;94:413-9.
Fatema K, Begum F, Akter N, Zaman SM. Major congenital malformations among the newborns in BSMMU hospital. Bangladesh Med J. 2011;40:7-12.
Datta V, Chaturvedi P. Congenital malformations in rural Maharastra. Indian Pediatr. 2000;37:988-1001.
Asindi, Hifzi IA. Major congenital malformations among Saudi infants admitted to Asir central hospital. Ann Saudi Med. 1997;17:250-3.
Ekewre OE, McNeil R, Agim B, Jeminiwa B, Oni O, Pam S. A retrospective study of congenital anomalies presented at tertiary health facilities in Jos, Nigeria. JPCS. 2011;3:24-8.
Tomatir AG, Demiran H, Sorkun HC, Koksal A, Ozerdem F, Glengir N. Major congenital anomalies: a five year retrospective regional study in Turkey. J Genet Mol Res. 2009;8:19-27.
Anand JS, Javadekar BB, Belani M. Congenital malformations in 2000 consecutive births. Indian Pediatr. 1988;25:845-51.