Management of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20172622Keywords:
Gastric cancer, Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Peritoneal metastasesAbstract
Peritoneal metastases (PM) from disseminations of gastric cancer, presented as a recurrence, its considered fatal with no definitive cure. newer agents like S1 and docetaxel have shown some advantage but nevertheless the median overall survival with the current first line chemotherapy is only 8 to 14 months which shows no great improvement when adding targeted therapy. A multidisciplinary approach combining cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been developed. European and Far East studies reported long-term survival benefits in case of complete cytoreduction with 5-year survival rates up to 25%. In order to prevent peritoneal recurrence and to improve overall survival, adjuvant HIPEC is the most evidence-based indication for advanced-stage gastric cancer patients without PM. The rationale for immunotherapy is solid, with ongoing studies combining CRS and intraperitoneal immunotherapeutic agent. The detection of peritoneal cancer cells is the most reasonable way for identifying the metastasis risk after operation. Peritoneal washing appears to be a sensitive method. Thus, the prevention of peritoneal recurrence mandates the use of multiple modalities and locoregional treatments strategy.
References
Sadeghi B, Arvieux C, Glehen O, Beaujard AC, Rivoire M, Baulieux J, et al. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from non-gynecologic malignancies: results of the EVOCAPE 1 multicentric prospective study. Cancer. 2000;88:358-63.
Thomassen I, van Gestel YR, van Ramshorst B, Luyer MD, Bosscha K, Nienhuijs SW, et al. Peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric origin: a population-based study on incidence, survival and risk factors. Int J Cancer. 2014;134:622-8.
Yonemura Y, Bandou E, Kinoshita K, Kawamura T, Takahashi S, Endou Y, et al. Effective therapy for peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2003;12:635-48.
Neuwirth MG, Alexander HR, Karakousis GC. Then and now: cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), a historical perspective. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2016;7:18-28.
Yasumoto K, Koizumi K, Kawashima A, Saitoh Y, Arita Y, Shinohara K, et al. Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer. Cancer Res. 2006;66:2181-7.
Bachelder RE, Wendt MA, Mercurio AM. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes breast carcinoma invasion in an autocrine manner by regulating the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Cancer Res. 2002;62:7203-6.
Sugarbaker PH, Yu W, Yonemura Y. Gastrectomy, peritonectomy, and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy: the evaluation of treatment strategies for advanced gastric cancer. Semin Surg Oncol. 2003;21:233-48.
Miao ZF, Wang ZN, Zhao TT, Xu YY, Gao J, Miao F, et al. Peritoneal milky spots serve as a hypoxic niche and favour gastric cancer stem/progenitor cell peritoneal dissemination through hypoxia- inducible factor 1α. Stem Cells. 2014;32:3062-74.
Yonemura Y, Endo Y, Yamaguchi T, Fujimura T, Obata T, Kawamura T, et al. Mechanisms of the formation of the peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. Int J Oncol. 1996;8:795-802.
Chau I, Norman AR, Cunningham D, Waters JS, Oates J, Ross PJ. Multivariate prognostic factor analysis in locally advanced and metastatic esophago-gastric cancer-pooled analysis from three multicentre, randomized, controlled trials using individual patient data. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:2395-403.
Ychou M, Boige V, Pignon JP, Conroy T, Bouché O, Lebreton G, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: an FNCLCC and FFCD multicentre phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:1715-21.
Smalley SR, Benedetti JK, Haller DG, Hundahl SA, Estes NC, Ajani JA, et al. Updated analysis of SWOG-directed intergroup study 0116: a phase III trial of adjuvant radio chemotherapy versus observation after curative gastric cancer resection. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:2327-33.
Ross P, Nicolson M, Cunningham D, Valle J, Seymour M, Harper P, et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing mitomycin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion uorouracil (PVI 5-FU) With epirubicin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU in advanced esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1996-200.
Jacquet P, Sugarbaker PH. Peritoneal-plasma barrier. Cancer Treat Res. 1996;82:53-63.
Tamura S, Miki H, Okada K, Takeno A, Uji K, Yoshida A, et al. Pilot study of a combination of S-1 and paclitaxel for patients with peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 2010;13:101-8.
Sugarbaker PH. Peritonectomy procedures. Ann Surg. 1995;221:29-42.
Mura G, Federici O, Garofalo A. Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer: Indications and Technical Notes. In: Iascone C, Paliotta A, Femia S, eds. Surgery in Multimodal Management of Gastric Cancer, Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2012:107-112.
Gill RS, Al-Adra DP, Nagendran J, Campbell S, Shi X, Haase E, Schiller D. Treatment of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis by cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC: a systematic review of survival, mortality, and morbidity. J Surg Oncol. 2011;104:692-8.
Mura G, Framarini M, Vagliasindi A, Cavaliere D, Tauceri F, Solfrini G, et al. Preliminary experience with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemo-perfusion with oxaliplatin for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis due to colorectal carcinoma. Chir Ital. 2007;59:217-23.
Glehen O, Gilly FN, Arvieux C, Cotte E, Boutitie F, Mansvelt B, et al. Association Francoise de Chirurgie. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer: a multi-institutional study of 159 patients treated by cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:2370-7.
Glehen O, Gilly FN, Boutitie F, Bereder JM, Quenet F, Sideris L, et al. French Surgical Association. Toward curative treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from nonovarian origin by cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a multi-institutional study of 1,290 patients. Cancer. 2010;116:5608-18.
Gill RS, Al-Adra DP, Nagendran J, Campbell S, Shi X, Haase E, et al. Treatment of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis by cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC: a systematic review of survival, mortality, and morbidity. J Surg Oncol. 2011;104:692-8.
Yang XJ, Huang CQ, Suo T, Mei LJ, Yang GL, Cheng FL, et al. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improves survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer: nil results of a phase III randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18:1575-81.
Rudloff U, Langan RC, Mullinax JE, Beane JD, Steinberg SM, Beresnev T, et al. Impact of maximal cytoreductive surgery plus regional heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) on outcome of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric origin: results of the GYMSSA trial. J Surg Oncol. 2014;110:275-84.
Al-Shammaa HA, Li Y, Yonemura Y. Current status and future strategies of cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:1159-66.
Fujimoto S, Takahashi M, Mutou T, Kobayashi K, Toyosawa T. Successful intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion for the prevention of postoperative peritoneal recurrence in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. Cancer. 1999;85:529-34.
Yonemura Y, de Aretxabala X, Fujimura T, Fushida S, Katayama K, Bandou E, et al. Intraoperative chemohyperthermic peritoneal perfusion as an adjuvant to gastric cancer: nil results of a randomized controlled study. Hepatogastroenterol. 2001;48:1776-82.
Sun J, Song Y, Wang Z, Gao P, Chen X, Xu Y, et al. Benefits of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for patients with serosal invasion in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials. BMC Cancer. 2012;12:526.
Coccolini F, Cotte E, Glehen O, Lotti M, Poiasina E, Catena F, et al. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2014;40:12-26.
Moehler M, Al-Batran SE, Andus T, Anthuber M, Arends J, Arnold D, et al. German S3-guideline “Diagnosis and treatment of esophagogastric cancer”. Z Gastroenterol. 2011;49:461-531.
Canbay E, Yonemura Y, Brucher B, Baik SH, Sugarbaker PH. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy and its evolving role in management of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases. Chin J Cancer Res. 2014;26:1-3.
Heiss MM, Murawa P, Koralewski P, Kutarska E, Kolesnik OO, Ivanchenko VV, et al. The trifunctional antibody catumaxomab for the treatment of malignant ascites due to epithelial cancer: Results of a prospective randomized phase II/III trial. Int J Cancer. 2010;127:2209-21.
Goere D, Gras-Chaput N, Auperin A, Flament C, Mariette C, Glehen O, et al. Treatment of gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis by combining complete surgical resection of lesions and intraperitoneal immunotherapy using catumaxomab. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:148.
Makino T, Fujiwara Y, Takiguchi S, Miyata H, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, et al. The utility of pre-operative peritoneal lavage examination in serosa-invading gastric cancer patients. Surg. 2010;148:96-102.
Roviello F, Marrelli D, de Manzoni G, Morgagni P, Di Leo A, Saragoni L, et al. Italian research group for gastric cancer, a prospective study of peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery for gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 2003;90:1113-9.
Bonenkamp JJ, Songun I, Hermans J, van de Velde CJ. Prognostic value of positive cytology findings from abdominal washings in patients with gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 1996;83:672-4.
Edge S. Cancer AJCo: AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer, 2010.
Allum WH, Blazeby JM, Grif SM, Cunningham D, Jankowski JA, Wong R. Association of upper gastrointestinal surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, the British society of gastroenterology and the British association of surgical oncology, guidelines for the management of oesophageal and gastric cancer. Gut. 2011;60:1449-72.
Fujiwara Y, Doki Y, Taniguchi H, Sohma I, Takiguchi S, Miyata H, Yamasaki M, et al. Genetic detection of free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity of the patient with gastric cancer: present status and future perspectives. Gastric Cancer. 2007;10:197-204.
Takata A, Kurokawa Y, Fujiwara Y, Nakamura Y, Takahashi T, Yamasaki M, et al. Prognostic value of CEA and CK20 mRNA in the peritoneal lavage fluid of patients undergoing curative surgery for gastric cancer. World J Surg. 2014;38:1107-11.
Nakabayashi K, Uraoka T, Shibuya M, Matsuura N, Tsujimoto M. Rapid detection of CEA mRNA in peritoneal washes using One-step nucleic acid ampli cation (OSNA) for gastric cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;439:137-42.