Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a causative agent in children having community acquired pneumonia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20222112Keywords:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Community acquired pneumonia, Children, Macrolides, Pathogenesis, EpidemiologyAbstract
This article deals with understanding the basis of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae by studying and understanding its functional modalities. The history along with cellular biology has been looked at for having a broader understanding. Even though the exact pathogenesis that causes these various symptoms are underway, it has been found that the constant rise in cases by this agent especially in children has raised a concern for more data regarding it for sufficient understanding of its incidence and target of more susceptible population. The epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae affecting children having community acquired pneumonia is poorly understood and there is a dire need for its in-depth evaluation. Due to all these factors the need to study about this agent has become all the more crucial and this article looks at the rapidity and rising nature of M. pneumoniae as a causative agent and what makes the young school going population of children a susceptibility. The aim of the study was to have an insight into the complex pathogenesis it elucidates along with the features seen in children affected. The understanding of its prevalence in children is also looked at so that various treatment options that are available can be established and can provide for the most appropriate remedy.
References
Nocard Messrs, Roux Messrs, Borrel Messrs, Salimbeniet Messrs, Dujardin-Beaumetz Messrs. The Microbe of Pleuropneumonia. Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12(2):354-8.
Dienes L. Further Observations on the L Organism of Klieneberger. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1938;39(2):365-7.
Eaton MD, Meiklejohn G, Van Herick W. Studies on the etiology of primary atypical pneumonia. J Exp Med. 1944;79(6):649-68.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Its Role as a Human Pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021.
Maniloff J. Phylogeny and Evolution. In: Razin S, Herrmann R, editors. Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas. Boston, MA: Springer US. 2002;31-43.
Atkinson TP, Balish MF, Waites KB. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and laboratory detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2008;32(6):956-73.
Roca B. Mycoplasma infections. Rev Clin Esp. 2006;206(5):239-42.
He J, Liu M, Ye Z, Tan T, Liu X, You X et al. Insights into the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2016;14(5):4030-6.
Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, Balish MF, Atkinson TP. Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory Tract and Beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30(3):747-809.
Atkinson TP, Waites KB. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Childhood. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33(1):92-4.
Yang J, Hooper WC, Phillips DJ, Talkington DF. Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun. 2002;70(7):3649-55.
Waites KB, Simecka JW, Talkington DF, Atkinson TP. Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections:adaptive immunity, innate immunity, cell biology, and virulence factors. In: Suttorp N, Welte T, Marre R, editors. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Basel: Birkhäuser. 2007;183-99.
Lee KL, Lee CM, Yang TL, Yen TY, Chang LY, Chen JM et al. Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia requiring intensive care in children, 2010-2019. J Formos Med Assoc Taiwan Yi Zhi. 2021;120(1 Pt 1):281-91.
Medjo B, Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Radic S, Nikolic D, Lukac M, Djukic S. Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in children: clinical features and laboratory diagnosis. Ital J Pediatr. 2014;40:104.
Infections Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Possible Carrier State in Different Populations of Patients, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford Academic. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-abstract/17/Supplement_1/S37/309920?redirectedFrom=fulltext. Accessed on 2021 Aug 30.
Izumikawa K, Izumikawa K, Takazono T, Kosai K, Morinaga Y, Nakamura S et al. Clinical features, risk factors and treatment of fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: A review of the Japanese literature. J Infect Chemother. 2014;20(3):181-5.
Eurosurveillance. Increased detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in England and Wales. 2012. Available at: https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/ese.17.06.20081-en. Accessed on 2021 Aug 27
Eibach D, Casalegno JS, Escuret V, Billaud G, Mekki Y, Frobert E et al. Increased detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children, Lyon, France, 2010 to 2011. Eurosurveillance. 2012;17(8):20094.
Rasmussen JN, Voldstedlund M, Andersen RL, Ellermann-Eriksen S, Jensen TG, Johansen HK et al. Increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections detected by laboratory-based surveillance in Denmark in 2010. Eurosurveillance. 2010;15(45):19708.
Polkowska A, Harjunpää A, Toikkanen S, Lappalainen M, Vuento R, Vuorinen T et al. Increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Finland, 2010-2011. Eurosurveillance. 2012;17(5):20072.
Linde A, Ternhag A, Törner A, Claesson BE. Antibiotic prescriptions and laboratory-confirmed cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae during the epidemic in Sweden in 2011. Eurosurveillance. 2012;17(6):20082.
Søndergaard MJ, Friis MB, Hansen DS, Jørgensen IM. Clinical manifestations in infants and children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. PloS One. 2018;13(4):e0195288.
Chaudhry R, Nazima N, Dhawan B, Kabra SK. Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community acquired pneumonia. Indian J Pediatr. 1998;65(5):717-21.
McIntosh K, Ellis EF, Hoffman LS, Lybass TG, Eller JJ, Fulginiti VA. The association of viral and bacterial respiratory infections with exacerbations of wheezing in young asthmatic children. J Pediatr. 1973;82(4):578-90.
Lee H, Yun KW, Lee HJ, Choi EH. Antimicrobial therapy of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2018;16(1):23-34.
Chen Y, Tian WM, Chen Q, Zhao HY, Huang P, Lin ZQ et al. Clinical features and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi Chin J Contemp Pediatr. 2018;20(8):629-34.
